An Atlas of Malformed Trilobites from North American Repositories Part 2. The American Museum of Natural History
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Trilobites with malformations present important insight into the paleoecology of the wholly extinct arthropod group. This includes records of failed predation, developmental complications, and parasitic interactions. The documentation of malformed trilobites therefore allows for a more thorough understanding of these animals. Such summaries also permit larger-scale, synthetic works that consider patterns and processes associated with malformations to be developed. To expand the current record of malformed Cambrian through to Devonian trilobites, we report 16 novel specimens across 12 genera from deposits spanning Australia, Bolivia, Canada, the United States, and Wales. These specimens illustrate examples of injuries potentially caused by predation, molting, and accidental injury, teratological malformations, and pathological infestation. Possible predators; explanations for developmental, genetic, and recovery issues; as well as infestations are considered. Comparison of size distributions of malformed and nonmalformed Elrathia kingii indicates that primarily the largest specimens preserve malformations. This implies that either smaller specimens fully recovered from malformations or did not survive once the malformations were incurred. Continued documentation of malformed specimens will allow larger datasets to be compiled and further promote the use of malformations in understanding trilobite paleoecology.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.006 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it