Detached tentacles of lion’s mane jellyfish Cyanea capillata can injure aquaculture fish
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Gelatinous zooplankton can cause fish mortalities and economic losses for aquaculture companies. While protective measures against jellyfish blooms are increasingly implemented, free-floating tentacles have not been considered. Tentacles with active cnidocysts, both whole and fragmented, can cause potential damage to fish for an unknown duration after the jellyfish bloom has passed. In this pilot study, we measured for how long detached tentacles of the lion’s mane jellyfish Cyanea capillata can cause injuries/catch zooplankton prey. Controlled experiments were conducted in late summer 2007 using in situ collected specimens from northern Iceland. Jellyfish tentacles maintained their full ability to capture brine shrimps Artemia salina for 24 d. However, no prey could be immobilised from Day 26 onwards. To our knowledge, this is the first experimental evidence showing how long cnidocysts in tentacles can catch prey and thus potentially harm aquaculture fish after detachment (about 3.5 wk); this information should be considered when making any hypothetical risk assessment.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".