The impact of variability in rubber mechanical properties on the seismic response of scrap tire pad base isolation systems
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Base isolation is a technique that involves decoupling a structure from the ground to deflect and dissipate seismic energy, thereby minimizing the transfer of harmful vibrations to the superstructure. However, its application in underdeveloped and developing countries has been limited due to its size, perceived implementation costs, and the lack of awareness and expertise in these regions. This study focuses on assessing how variations in mechanical properties impact the performance of low-cost scrap tire pad (STP) base isolation systems. Nine STP isolators with high variability were considered and experimentally tested to characterize their properties. They were then numerically employed in three types of buildings, two with square plans and one with a rectangular plan. For each building type, two scenarios were examined: using a uniform isolator type for all columns (Scenario 1) and employing a non-uniform isolator type for each column (Scenario 2), with nine cases for each scenario. The results show that, despite the high variability, the average maximum displacement, base shear, rotation, and acceleration of the two scenarios are approximately similar. Moreover, the increase in maximum displacement due to rotation in the isolation system utilizing non-uniform isolators remained below 10 % on average. Thus, although the variability of mechanical properties of the STP isolators impacts the performance of the considered isolation systems, it remained satisfactory compared to the uniform case.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".