Self‐assembled small molecule spherulites under mild conditions: High solid‐state quantum yield and unique interconnected structural and fluorescent colors
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Spherulites are generally fabricated from cooling polymer melts, while their fabrication under mild conditions or from small molecule materials has been barely reported. Besides, organic luminescent molecules typically suffer from low quantum yields in a solid state. Moreover, preparing material with interconnected and simultaneous changes in structural and fluorescent colors is challenging. Here, we present the first solution‐derived spherulites with unique interconnected structural and fluorescent colors, self‐assembled from stearoylated monosaccharides at room temperature. D‐galactose stearoyl ester self‐assembled into banded spherulites, containing twisted nanoplates and interconnected simultaneously changing structural and fluorescent colors. In comparison, D‐mannose stearoyl ester can only form non‐banded spherulites, which contain oriented nanoplates and uniform structural and fluorescent colors. Such materials revealed a novel negative correlation between fluorescence and birefringence, termed alignment‐promoted quenching propensity. Remarkably, the solid‐state fluorescence quantum yields of galactose and mannose‐derived spherulites are as high as 49 ± 2% and 51 ± 2% respectively, approximately ten times higher than those of unmodified monosaccharides. These quantum yield values are among the highest of reported organic nonconventional fluorophores and even comparable to those of conventional aromatic chromophores. Moreover, these spherulites manifested an unexpected excitation‐dependent multicolor photoluminescence with a broad‐spectrum emission (410−620 nm). They show multiple peaks in the photoluminescent emission spectra and broad fluorescence lifetime distributions, which should be attributed to the clustering of a variety of oxygen‐containing functional groups as emissive moieties.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".