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Record W4403707705 · doi:10.1123/shr.2023-0019

Building the Beach: Interest Convergence, (Black) Capitalism, and Air Jordans

2024· article· en· W4403707705 on OpenAlex

Why this work is in the frame

A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.

affAt least one author lists a Canadian institution in the pinned OpenAlex snapshot.

Bibliographic record

VenueSport History Review · 2024
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldSocial Sciences
TopicSocioeconomic Development in MENA
Canadian institutionsUniversity of GuelphLaurentian University
Fundersnot available
KeywordsCapitalismConvergence (economics)EconomicsPolitical scienceEconomic growth

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

This paper uses water waves as a metaphor to critically examine Black athlete activism and Derrick Bell’s interest-convergence principle as an analytical lens for understanding how Black Athletes leveraged the capitalist system of sport to build power through wealth. Specifically, we focus on how the convergence of interest between Michael Jordan, Nike, and the National Basketball Association “built the beach” on which the current wave of Black athlete activists stand. While Jordan has been noted for his lack of activism related to race-related issues in the United States, Jordan’s ability to accumulate billions of dollars in generational wealth through interest-convergence, he did lay the foundation for current Black athlete activists including Steph Curry and Lebron James. As such, Black athlete activists like James and Curry have the ability to speak up and speak out when they deem it is necessary without the fear of financial ruin or loss of livelihood.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.002
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesInsufficient payload (model declined to judge)
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Not applicable · Consensus signal: Not applicable
GenreCandidate signal: Review · Consensus signal: Review
Teacher disagreement score0.348
Threshold uncertainty score0.999

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0020.000
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.000
Science and technology studies0.0000.001
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0000.000
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0020.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.053
GPT teacher head0.315
Teacher spread0.263 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it