Illegal harvest, use, and trade in Temminck’s pangolins by communities adjacent to Ruaha National Park, Tanzania
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Pangolins are one of the most trafficked animals in the world, including the Temminck’s pangolin (Smutsia temminckii). Tanzania faces international pangolin trade threats, yet data on Temminck’s pangolins remains scarce despite conservation calls. We interviewed 22 villages near Ruaha National Park to understand pangolin harvest, use, and trade. Pangolin hunting is mostly opportunistic during daily activities, except for village elders who actively hunt pangolins. Pangolin scales dominate trade, primarily purchased by pastoralists and traditional healers. Scales are mainly used in cultural practices and for traditional medicinal purposes. Finally, we learned that there is decreased pangolin use in markets resulting from improved law enforcement and their growing scarcity. Our results suggest that illegal pangolin harvest, use, and trade threaten their survival; locally relevant conservation efforts, including education and enforcement, are crucial to drive effective conservation action.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".