Enhancing helmet pressure sensing with advanced 3D printed gyroid architectures
Bibliographic record
Abstract
• The representative elementary volume simulation model was carried out to minimize the complexities of 3D printed structures. • A gyroid structure with double hollow struts showed exceptional strength and energy absorption capabilities. • A smart helmet was designed with pressure sensing ability by the embedded gyroid sensor. The gyroid structure, known for its exceptional strength and energy absorption, is ideal for 3D printing applications due to its self-supporting capability. Existing simulation models often overlook the complexities of the 3D printing process, leading to discrepancies between isotropic models and empirical data. To address this, we introduce a representative elementary volume (RVE) simulation model to accurately represent the fused layers from the Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) process. By establishing Young’s modulus of the fused layer at 48.7 % of pure matrix material, we enhance the model’s accuracy to align with experimental data. We explore energy buffering within the triply periodic minimal surface (TPMS) gyroid model. A new design featuring a thin gyroid TPMS structure with double hollow struts improves energy absorption while enhancing overall efficiency. Additionally, we develop a G slab-based capacitive pressure sensor using advanced robotic 3D printing technology, achieving an impressive pressure sensitivity of 78.43 MPa −1 in the range of 0–0.060 MPa, with a sensitivity of 13.72 MPa −1 at operational pressures up to 0.181 MPa. This culminates in the creation of a smart helmet that effectively detects critical pressure changes, advancing protective headgear technology.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".