Susceptibility of European Agrilus beetle species to the biocontrol agents of Emerald Ash Borer in the laboratory
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The emerald ash borer (EAB, Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) is devastating ash trees in its invaded range of North America and spreading rapidly towards Western Europe from European Russia and Ukraine. To allow a rapid response when the beetle is detected, slow its spread and protect trees as part of a wider integrated pest management programme, pre-emptive biological control strategies that are suitable for Great Britain and the rest of Europe must urgently be developed. Three classical hymenopteran biological control agents have been mass-reared and released within North America to control EAB: the egg parasitoid Oobius agrili Zhang and Huang (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae), and the larval parasitoids Tetrastichus planipennisi and Spathius galinae Belokobylskij & Strazanac (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). This study presents data on the risk these parasitoid wasps might pose to British Agrilus beetles. “No-choice” laboratory assays tested the susceptibility of A. biguttatus Fabricus eggs and larvae and A. sulcicollis Lacordaire and A. convexicollis Redtenbacher eggs to the parasitoids. Oobius agrili, T. planipennisi and S. galinae all attacked A. biguttatus, and offspring were produced. Oobius agrili also attacked the eggs of A. convexicollis, but not A. sulcicollis. This study is the first to show parasitism of a non-target species by T. planipennisi. Further work is needed to fully assess the non-target risk of these parasitoids for release using more ecologically relevant tests, such as ‘choice’, semi-field and chemical ecology assays on the attacked Agrilus species.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".