PyGim : An Efficient Graph Neural Network Library for Real Processing-In-Memory Architectures
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) are emerging models to analyze graph-structure data. GNN execution involves both compute-intensive and memory-intensive kernels. The latter kernels dominate execution time, because they are significantly bottlenecked by data movement between memory and processors. Processing-In-Memory (PIM) systems can alleviate this data movement bottleneck by placing simple processors near or inside to memory arrays. This work investigates the potential of PIM systems to alleviate the data movement bottleneck in GNNs, and introduces PyGim, an efficient and easy-to-use GNN library for real PIM systems. We propose intelligent parallelization techniques for memory-intensive kernels of GNNs tailored for real PIM systems, and develop an easy-to-use Python API for them. PyGim employs a cooperative GNN execution, in which the compute- and memory-intensive kernels are executed in processor-centric and memory-centric computing systems, respectively, to fully exploit the hardware capabilities. PyGim integrates a lightweight autotuner to tune the parallelization strategy of the memory-intensive kernel of GNNs and enable high programming ease. We extensively evaluate PyGim on a real-world PIM system that has 16 PIM DIMMs with 1992 PIM cores connected to a Host CPU. In GNN inference, we demonstrate that it outperforms prior state-of-the-art PIM works by on average 4.38× (up to 7.20×), and state-of-the-art PyTorch running on Host by on average 3.04× (up to 3.44×). PyGim improves energy efficiency by 2.86× (up to 3.68×) and 1.55× (up to 1.75×) over prior PIM and PyTorch Host schemes, respectively. In memory-intensive kernel of GNNs, PyGim provides 11.6× higher resource utilization in PIM system than that of PyTorch library (optimized CUDA implementation) in GPU systems. Our work provides useful recommendations for software, system and hardware designers. PyGim is publicly and freely available at https://github.com/CMU-SAFARI/PyGim facilitate the widespread use of PIM systems in GNNs.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Direct model labels (unvalidated)
Per-model category and study-design labels from the labeling rounds. They are machine output, unvalidated, and the disagreement between models ships as data. No study design here is MEDLINE-validated yet.
| Model arm | Categories | Study design | Confidence |
|---|---|---|---|
| gemma | no category Domain: not available · Genre: Methods About the Canadian research system: no · About a Canadian topic: no | Bench or experimental | low |
| gpt | no category Domain: not available · Genre: Software About the Canadian research system: no · About a Canadian topic: no | Not applicable | medium |
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.005 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.020 | 0.008 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedLabeled directly by 2 models reading the full record.
The models disagree on parts of this classification; every voice is preserved in the section at the end of the page.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".