Comparing News Coverage of Refugees in South Korea: Media Outlet Types and Diversity Patterns
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This study examines how news diversity varies across different types of news outlets and explores the underlying factors that contribute to those differences by analyzing coverage from a public broadcaster, 24-hour news channels, and commercial news channels in South Korea. Through framing analysis and critical discourse analysis (CDA), this study examines how different media covered the recent arrivals of two distinct refugee groups—Yemeni and Afghan—focusing on the diversity of news framing, sources, formats, as well as their lexical choices and discourses. The findings suggest that, in addition to their political orientation, the ownership and operational models of media outlets influence their news content in South Korea. A well-resourced public broadcaster (KBS) demonstrates greater diversity in sources and content, while rolling news channels contribute to news diversity by employing more varied news formats. More fundamentally, this study highlights that news discourses are shaped by broader social contexts, such as nationalist and neoliberal perspectives on refugees.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.005 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.005 | 0.004 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".