Coupling mechanism analysis of CO2 non-Darcy flow in multi-scale reservoirs: A case study of the life-cycle process of fracturing-development in shale oil reservoirs
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
With policy support for carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS), an integrated approach that combines energy storage fracturing, CO 2 -enhanced oil recovery (EOR), and storage emerges as a promising direction for the shale oil industry. The process of energy storage fracturing induces significant changes in the pressure and saturation of the medium. However, conventional simulations often overlook the effects of fracturing and shut-in operations on the seepage field and production performance. Furthermore, fractured shale reservoirs exhibit complex non-Darcy flow characteristics due to intricate pore structures and multi-scale porous media. A comprehensive understanding of flow mechanisms is essential for effective reservoir development and CO 2 storage. This study establishes a multi-component simulation model that encompasses the life-cycle of fracturing, shut-in, production, and CO 2 huff-n-puff processes, thereby ensuring the continuity of the seepage field. The model accounts for the effect of nano-confinement on phase behavior by modifying the equation of state. Furthermore, the flux term is adjusted to incorporate Maxwell–Stefan diffusion, pre-/post-Darcy flow, and stress sensitivity. The embedded discrete fracture model (EDFM) is employed to simulate multiphase flow within multi-scale media, and the results from the validation model align satisfactorily with those derived from ECLIPSE. Mechanism analysis indicates that the interaction of multiple mechanisms significantly influences both production and storage performance. Under the multi-mechanism coupling, the cumulative oil production increased by 12.01%, while the utilization and storage factors increased by 62.93% and 8.93%, respectively. The role of molecular diffusion in shale oil reservoirs may be overstated, contributing only a 0.26% enhancement in oil production. Simulation results show that the energy storage fracturing strategy can increase oil production and net present value by 12.47% and 15.07%, respectively. Sensitivity analysis indicates that the CO 2 injection rate is the main factor affecting the recovery factor, followed by CO 2 injection time and the number of cycles, with fracturing fluid volume having the least impact. This study develops a multi-process, multi-mechanism simulation framework for multi-scale shale oil reservoirs. This framework provides a robust evaluation system for CCUS-EOR, facilitating informed decision-making in fracturing stimulation, development planning, and parameter optimization.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.006 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it