Orientation-dependent lattice rotation and phase transformation in an additively manufactured high-entropy alloy
Bibliographic record
Abstract
• Grain rotation paths are revealed for the first time in a high-entropy alloy. • A new lattice reorientation factor is defined to predict the grain rotation paths. • A new criterion is proposed to identify grains exhibiting FCC→HCP transformation. • The newly defined factors can also be presented in the form of pole figures. • Lattice rotation induced grain coalescence is linked to misorientation angles. The rapidly increasing scientific interest in 3D-printed high-entropy alloys (HEAs) necessitates the understanding of their deformation mechanisms. Here, we present the grain rotation behavior of a nearly equiatomic CrMnFeCoNi HEA fabricated with laser-beam powder bed fusion via quasi in-situ electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) observations during compressive deformation. The rotation paths of grains can be predicted via a new lattice reorientation factor ( m A ), defined as the average of primary and secondary slip Schmid factors. The grains that initially have their <111> directions oriented close to the loading direction with low-to-intermediate m A values tend to rotate towards the <101> pole. The grains oriented in the center of inverse pole figures with high m A values develop multiple rotation paths pointing away from the <001> pole. The cube-oriented grains with their <001> directions close to the loading direction undergo face-centered cubic (FCC)-to-hexagonal close-packed (HCP) phase transformation due to the activation of octahedral slip involving multiple slip systems. This transformation can be well elucidated via a modified parameter, defined as the average of four maximum Schmid factors on each of four {111} slip/twinning planes in FCC crystals. The findings provide new insights into the underlying mechanisms for deformation-induced grain rotation and phase transformation and help pave the way for developing advanced HEAs via transformation-induced plasticity.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".