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Record W4406377902 · doi:10.5539/ijel.v15n1p140

The Effectiveness of Using ELSA App on Improving Saudi Students’ English-Speaking Skills

2025· article· en· W4406377902 on OpenAlex

Why this work is in the frame

A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.

venuePublished in a venue whose home country is Canada.
no affNo Canadian affiliation: this work is invisible to an affiliation-only frame.
No Canadian affiliation. An affiliation-only frame, the usual design, would never have seen this work. It is one of the works that make the case for inverting the frame.

Bibliographic record

VenueInternational Journal of English Linguistics · 2025
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldComputer Science
TopicEnglish Language Learning and Teaching
Canadian institutionsnot available
FundersQassim UniversityUniversity of EdinburghUniversity of Memphis
KeywordsRubricPronunciationLikert scalePsychologyFluencyMathematics educationTest (biology)Medical education

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

Speaking is a challenging skill for the majority of English as a foreign language (EFL) learners around the world. Therefore, experts are researching the potential affordances of Artificial Intelligence (AI) as a tool to develop speaking skills. The ELSA App is a prominent example of an AI application that can provide instant corrections to the user to improve their speaking skills. Although app reviewers claim it is effective for enhancing speaking skills, there is minimal research confirming its effectiveness as a tool for enhancing key English-speaking skills, such as pronunciation, fluency, cohesion, and expanding lexical resources. To contribute to the literature in this area, this study sought to evaluate the efficacy of the ELSA App as a tool to develop Saudi high school students’ speaking skills. In addition, it aimed to explore their perceptions with regard to using the ELSA App to develop their English-speaking skills. In total, 30 high school students from Saudi Arabia were selected as the research sample. The participating students were divided into two groups, comprising 15 in the control group and 15 in the experimental group. A mixed-methods study design was used to answer the study questions. Data were collected using two research tools: a pre- and post-test speaking test, and a closed and open questionnaire. The students’ tests were corrected using IELTS rubrics. The questionnaire was arranged into two sections: closed questions based on a five-point Likert scale that was analyzed statistically, and open questions analyzed using content analysis. The results indicated that students in the experimental group experienced positive improvement at varying levels in terms of pronunciation, fluency, coherence, grammatical range and accuracy, and lexical resources in speaking skills. Moreover, the students had positive opinions about using the ELSA App to practice and develop their English-speaking skills. Thus, it appears the ELSA App in general had a significant positive impact on the Saudi student participants’ speaking skills, offering them a fertile interactive environment. This finding has valuable implications and prompted recommendations for teachers and EFL learners.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.004
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.180
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesMetaresearch
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Theoretical or conceptual · Consensus signal: none
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.643
Threshold uncertainty score0.826

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0040.180
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.000
Science and technology studies0.0000.000
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0020.000
Research integrity0.0000.001
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0000.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.007
GPT teacher head0.297
Teacher spread0.291 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it