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Record W4406953300 · doi:10.1371/journal.pdig.0000708

Specialty-specific Evaluation of Virtual care Outcomes: A retrospective QUality and safety analysis (S-EVOQUe)

2025· article· en· W4406953300 on OpenAlex

Why this work is in the frame

A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.

affAt least one author lists a Canadian institution in the pinned OpenAlex snapshot.
fundA Canadian funder is recorded on the work.
aboutThe title or abstract carries a Canadian signal from the geographic lexicon.

Bibliographic record

VenuePLOS Digital Health · 2025
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldMedicine
TopicCOVID-19 and healthcare impacts
Canadian institutionsInstitute for Clinical Evaluative SciencesPublic Health OntarioSt. Joseph’s Healthcare HamiltonSchwartz/Reisman Emergency Medicine InstituteMcMaster UniversityHamilton Health SciencesUniversity of Toronto
FundersPhysicians' Services Incorporated Foundation
KeywordsMedicineSpecialtyConfidence intervalOddsOdds ratioLogistic regressionPandemicFamily medicineMultivariate analysisMEDLINEEmergency medicinePatient safetyCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)Health careInternal medicineDisease

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

The objective was to compare specialty-specific 7- and 30-day outcomes between virtual care visits and in-person visits which occurred during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Using administrative data from provincial databases in Ontario, ambulatory care visits occurring virtually and in-person during specific timeframes within the pandemic were analyzed. Virtual care visits were matched with corresponding in-person visits based on multiple baseline patient characteristics. We assessed short-term patient outcomes at 7 and 30 days, including subsequent visits, hospital and ICU admissions, surgeries, and mortality and compared them using multivariate logistic regression. Odds ratios were calculated as measures of association between populations. For statistical significance, we used 99% confidence intervals to account for the increased likelihood of chance findings due to the multiple comparisons conducted. Overall, 9,340,519 visits were compared between populations using a 1:1 match on a 20% random sample of the available eligible visits. Over 70% of patients included were seen by a General Practitioner. With few exceptions and across almost all specialties, revisits, ED visits, admissions, ICU and OR use, and mortality were found to be more frequent for patients seen in person. When using the administrative data available to policy makers, there is no evidence to suggest that, in the short-term, virtual care is less safe than in person care. The causes for worse in-person outcomes are not yet clear although are likely related to the streaming of more acutely unwell patients towards in-person care.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.001
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.001
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Observational · Consensus signal: Observational
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.086
Threshold uncertainty score0.708

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0010.001
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0010.000
Bibliometrics0.0010.001
Science and technology studies0.0000.000
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0000.000
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0000.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.107
GPT teacher head0.448
Teacher spread0.341 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it