Breeding biology of the Andean cock-of-the-rock ( <i>Rupicola peruvianus</i> )
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The Andean cock-of-the-rock (Rupicola peruvianus) belongs to the Neotropical family Cotingidae, inhabiting the Andean mountains from Venezuela to Bolivia. Despite being a recognised and iconic species, most breeding studies of this bird have focused on its display behaviour at communal ‘leks’ rather than its basic nesting biology. Here, we present novel data on incubation behaviour and detailed descriptions of nests, eggs, and nestling development, with the first photographic evidence of nestlings being fed with vertebrates. We found 38 cup-shaped nests located along rocky walls near rivers or creeks in Peru, Ecuador, and Colombia. Nests were placed on rocky indentations along rivers, creeks, and waterfalls. The mean clutch size was two eggs. Eggs were beige with brown/green spots mainly located towards the wider end. Eggs measured 46.7 ± 1.2 mm by 32.7 ± 0.3 mm and weighed 25.6 ± 0.9 g. The incubation and nestling period lasted 26.0 ± 1.3 and 40.0 ± 2 days, respectively. During the incubation period, the female was the only parent attending the nest, with an average daily nest attentiveness of 87.3 ± 6.6%. The nestlings grew at a logistic curve rate (K) of 0.135 ± 0.005 g and kept their body temperature constant at 39.3°C only after day 30 of development. Detailed natural history accounts of the nest locations are necessary to generate long-term monitoring and successful conservation strategies of Neotropical species, especially for large frugivorous birds such as R. peruvianus that have long nesting cycles, specific nesting locations and are highly sensitive to forest fragmentation.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".