Official and Grassroot Responses to the Japanese Textbook Controversy: A Comparative Study on China and Korea
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Japan’s ongoing revision of its wartime history, particularly through its school textbooks, continues to be a major source of diplomatic friction in East Asia, intertwining issues of national identity and collective memory. The intensification of these disputes in 2002 and 2005 marked significant turning points in Sino-Japanese and Korea-Japanese relations. This paper delves into the official and grassroots responses from both China and South Korea, shedding light on the different characteristics exhibited by each country’s approach to manage disputes, as well as the relationship between government-led diplomatic maneuvers and popular nationalist movements. Through a constructivist lens, the analysis reveals how these countries not only react to historical controversies but also play an active role in shaping regional narratives and international perceptions. This study aims to provide a deeper understanding of the nuanced dynamics between official state responses and grassroots movements in China and South Korea as strategic efforts to shape national identity, public sentiment, and international legitimacy.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.005 | 0.004 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".