Experimental investigation of building mock-ups and air source heat pumps in cold climates
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Air source heat pumps (ASHPs) are critical in reducing carbon emissions, particularly in extreme cold climates like Canada. However, less than 10% of residential buildings in Canada utilize heat pumps, underscoring the need for more energy-efficient solutions to achieve net-zero and passive house standards. This study simultaneously evaluates the performance of building mock-ups and a commercial ASHP at extremely cold temperatures of 0 °C, -10 °C, and -25 °C, simulated in a climatic chamber using co-heating and traditional disaggregate methods. Two envelope types are evaluated: one constructed to meet the requirements of the Canadian Building Code (CBC) and another with retrofitted walls aimed at enhancing the insulation. The envelope's thermal performance shows a deviation of no more than 7% between the co-heating and disaggregate methods, while theoretical calculations show deviations of up to 23%. The ASHP data reveal that enhanced insulation not only limits the envelope's heat loss but also significantly improves the ASHP performance by consuming less energy while maintaining a steady thermal output. At -10 °C, the retrofitted envelope increases the ASHP performance by 28% and by 100% at -25 °C, relative to the performance of the CBC. These findings underscore the importance of improved building envelopes in enhancing ASHP performance and delivering sustainable heating solutions for cold climates.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it