PEGSGraph: A Graph Neural Network for Fast Earthquake Characterization Based on Prompt ElastoGravity Signals
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract State‐of‐the‐art earthquake early warning systems use the early records of seismic waves to estimate the magnitude and location of the seismic source before the shaking and the tsunami strike. Because of the inherent properties of early seismic records, those systems systematically underestimate the magnitude of large events, which results in catastrophic underestimation of the subsequent tsunamis. Prompt elastogravity signals (PEGS) are low‐amplitude, light‐speed signals emitted by earthquakes, which are highly sensitive to both their magnitude and focal mechanism. Detected before traditional seismic waves, PEGS have the potential to produce unsaturated magnitude estimates faster than state‐of‐the‐art systems. Accurate instantaneous tracking of large earthquake magnitude using PEGS has been proven possible through the use of a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN). However, the CNN architecture is sub‐optimal as it does not allow to capture the geometry of the problem. To address this limitation, we design PEGSGraph, a novel deep learning model relying on a Graph Neural Network (GNN) architecture. PEGSGraph accurately estimates the magnitude of synthetic earthquakes down to 7.6–7.7 and determines their focal mechanisms (thrust, strike‐slip or normal faulting) within 70 s of the event's onset, offering crucial information for predicting potential tsunami wave amplitudes. Our comparative analysis on Alaska and Western Canada data shows that PEGSGraph outperforms PEGSNet, providing more reliable rapid magnitude estimates and enhancing tsunami warning reliability.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".