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Record W4407752850 · doi:10.1016/j.aej.2025.01.087

Advanced network security with an integrated trust-based intrusion detection system for routing protocol

2025· article· en· W4407752850 on OpenAlex

Why this work is in the frame

A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.

affAt least one author lists a Canadian institution in the pinned OpenAlex snapshot.

Bibliographic record

VenueAlexandria Engineering Journal · 2025
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldComputer Science
TopicNetwork Security and Intrusion Detection
Canadian institutionsÉcole de Technologie Supérieure
FundersInstitute for Information and Communications Technology PromotionKorea Institute for Advancement of TechnologyMinistry of Trade, Industry and EnergyKing Saud University
KeywordsIntrusion detection systemProtocol (science)Routing protocolComputer networkComputer scienceZone Routing ProtocolRouting (electronic design automation)Computer securityWireless Routing ProtocolMedicine

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

The global network called the Internet of Things (IoT) facilitates communication and teamwork by connecting different electronic devices. This combination is especially seen in low-power and non-local networks (LLNs), where equipment is limited to comply with specified standards for connectivity. These systems often use the LLN routing protocol (RPL). However, due to its simplicity, there are many ways to compromise network security. It is also difficult to perform complex operations in the LLN computation due to limited usage. This work presents an advanced design called a Trust-Based RPL Intrusion Detection System (TIDSRPL). TIDSRPL transfers the complex trust to the root node, and TIDSRPL evaluates the node trust based on the network behavior. Depotentialize resources through this strategic shift that preserves energy, storage, and compute resources at the node level. A comparison with the pre-tuned RPL objective function of minimum rank with hysteresis objective function routing protocol low power and non-local (MRHOF-RPL) network shows that TIDSRPL has the best performance in detecting and classifying malware contained in Sinkhole, choosing to submit, and Sybil objecting. More importantly, TIDSRPL achieves a 20%–35% reduction in average packet loss and a 33%–45% improvement in energy efficiency compared to MRHOF-RPL, improving its stability in LLN protection block efficiency.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.001
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Simulation or modeling · Consensus signal: Simulation or modeling
GenreCandidate signal: Methods · Consensus signal: none
Teacher disagreement score0.839
Threshold uncertainty score0.819

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0010.000
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.001
Science and technology studies0.0010.000
Scholarly communication0.0000.001
Open science0.0000.000
Research integrity0.0000.001
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0000.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.005
GPT teacher head0.222
Teacher spread0.217 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it