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Record W4407893628 · doi:10.1016/j.cogsys.2025.101338

Neurons as autonomous agents: A biologically inspired framework for cognitive architectures in artificial intelligence

2025· article· en· W4407893628 on OpenAlex

Why this work is in the frame

A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.

affAt least one author lists a Canadian institution in the pinned OpenAlex snapshot.

Bibliographic record

VenueCognitive Systems Research · 2025
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldComputer Science
TopicNeural Networks and Applications
Canadian institutionsUniversity of Lethbridge
Fundersnot available
KeywordsAutonomous agentArtificial intelligenceComputer scienceCognitionIntelligent agentCognitive scienceHuman–computer interactionNeurosciencePsychology

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

Despite impressive recent advances in artificial intelligence (AI), current deep neural networks still lack the adaptability and energy efficiency inherent to biological systems. Here we suggest that this problem may be overcome by taking inspiration from the brain where neurons operate as autonomous agents, each capable of adjusting its synaptic connections and internal states based on local information. Currently, typical artificial neurons are static nodes, which is in striking contrast to the rich, dynamic computations performed by biological neurons. In this review, we propose redesigning artificial neurons as self-regulating, agent-like units, making actions to maximize future energy/reward. Similarly, as single-celled organisms which can autonomously navigate in complex environments in search for food, neurons can also be viewed as autonomous decision-makers, seeking to maximize their own energy resources. Thus, neurons could be operating similarly like reinforcement learning (RL) agents, which make actions to obtain maximum future reward. Here first we review literature illustrating that biological neurons perform complex computations and employ local, predictive learning rules to anticipate future activity to maximize metabolic energy. Next, we provide examples of recent biologically inspired learning algorithms where artificial neurons are empowered with computational flexibility, similarly to autonomous agents. Networks with neurons using such local learning rules can in some examples outperform current AI algorithms. We also discuss how this can improve scalability of current multi-agent systems (MAS) and energy efficiency. Therefore, designing neurons as autonomous agents may provide an important step toward building human-like cognition.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.001
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.003
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Theoretical or conceptual · Consensus signal: Theoretical or conceptual
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: none
Teacher disagreement score0.905
Threshold uncertainty score0.720

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0010.003
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0010.002
Science and technology studies0.0000.000
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0010.001
Research integrity0.0000.001
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0000.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.164
GPT teacher head0.445
Teacher spread0.281 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it