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Record W4408244373 · doi:10.1111/psrh.70005

“I Don't Really Agree With That:” Canadians' Perspectives on the 14‐Day Rule in Relation to Artificial Womb Technology

2025· article· en· W4408244373 on OpenAlex

Why this work is in the frame

A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.

affAt least one author lists a Canadian institution in the pinned OpenAlex snapshot.
aboutThe title or abstract carries a Canadian signal from the geographic lexicon.

Bibliographic record

VenuePerspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health · 2025
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldMedicine
TopicReproductive Health and Technologies
Canadian institutionsUniversity of Ottawa
Fundersnot available
KeywordsAssisted reproductive technologyLegislationPsychologyLawPolitical scienceBiologyPregnancy

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

INTRODUCTION: Complete ectogenesis through artificial womb technology (AWT) would enable fertilization, embryonic development, and fetal development outside of the human body. In 2004, Canada's Assisted Human Reproduction Act established a 14-day legal limit on the in vitro cultivation of human embryos, stymying the domestic development of AWT. Given recent scientific advancements, we aimed to explore Canadians' perspectives on the 14-day rule and AWT development. METHODS: In September 2020-February 2021, we conducted an online English-French survey and semi-structured in-depth interviews with a subset of respondents to solicit Canadian citizens' perspectives on AWT. We audio-recorded and transcribed the telephone/Zoom/Skype interviews and used ATLAS.ti to manage our data. We analyzed survey data using descriptive statistics and interviews for content and themes using inductive and deductive techniques. RESULTS: We received 343 completed surveys and conducted 41 interviews. Although overall knowledge of AWT, in general, and the 14-day rule, in particular, was limited, our participants felt that AWT had the potential to improve lives. Participants also perceived the 14-day rule as an outdated limitation on technological progress and a barrier to AWT development. Participants suggested revisiting the legislation and emphasized centering science, technology, and medicine in any update. DISCUSSION: In 2021, the International Society for Stem Cell Research released updated guidelines which recommended relaxing the 14-day rule, depending on the research objectives. Given the changing domestic and international landscape, Canadian policymakers should revisit the 14-day rule limit imposed by the Assisted Human Reproduction Act and seek input from Canadians when embarking on this reform process.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.001
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.003
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesMeta-epidemiology (narrow)
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Theoretical or conceptual · Consensus signal: none
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.641
Threshold uncertainty score1.000

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0010.003
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0010.000
Bibliometrics0.0010.002
Science and technology studies0.0010.001
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0000.000
Research integrity0.0000.001
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0000.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.027
GPT teacher head0.314
Teacher spread0.287 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it