Entangled Extinction: Endangered Elephants and Extinct Mammoth Ivory in the Nineteenth and Twenty-First Centuries
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This article uses two moments from the history of ivory to examine the shared histories of mammoths and elephants. The first came in the late nineteenth century, when mammoth ivory was proposed as a substitute for elephant ivory, in recognition of the massive toll the ivory trade was taking on African elephant populations. The second arrived in 2019 when an ultimately unsuccessful proposal to include extinct mammoths came before the Convention on the International Trade in Endangered Species of Flora and Fauna as a means of protecting endangered elephants. These moments show how the categories of “endangered” and “extinct” share a complex, entangled history. In doing so, these moments demonstrate that animals wield a presence capable of shaping events and challenge conventional assumptions about the linear temporalities of endangerment and extinction.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it