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Record W4408533768 · doi:10.5539/ijel.v15n2p97

Investigating Arab Young Learners’ Usage of Inflectional Suffixes and Its Influencing Factors

2025· article· en· W4408533768 on OpenAlex

Why this work is in the frame

A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.

venuePublished in a venue whose home country is Canada.
no affNo Canadian affiliation: this work is invisible to an affiliation-only frame.
No Canadian affiliation. An affiliation-only frame, the usual design, would never have seen this work. It is one of the works that make the case for inverting the frame.

Bibliographic record

VenueInternational Journal of English Linguistics · 2025
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldSocial Sciences
TopicArabic Language Education Studies
Canadian institutionsnot available
Fundersnot available
KeywordsPsychologyLinguisticsBusinessMathematics educationMathematicsPhilosophy

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

Proficiency in inflectional suffixes, such as “-ed,” is fundamental for mastering English grammar, yet it remains a persistent challenge for many English as a Foreign Language (EFL) learners, particularly among Arab students. This study investigates the difficulties faced by 100 Libyan elementary school students in Malaysia in using the “-ed” suffix for past tense and past participle forms. Grounded in Vygotsky’s Sociocultural Theory (1978) and employing a mixed-method approach, the research identifies the types, frequency, and causes of errors. Quantitative analysis reveals a low proficiency level, while qualitative findings highlight frequent errors linked to overgeneralization and a limited understanding of specific grammatical rules. These challenges are attributed to ineffective teaching strategies prevalent in Libyan schools in Malaysia. The findings emphasize the need for targeted instructional interventions and the integration of communicative language teaching (CLT) practices to address these deficiencies. By shedding light on these issues, the study offers valuable insights for designing pedagogical approaches that enhance learners’ mastery of “-ed” inflectional suffixes and overall grammatical proficiency.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.001
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.217
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesMetaresearch
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Observational · Consensus signal: none
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.402
Threshold uncertainty score0.790

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0010.217
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.000
Science and technology studies0.0000.000
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0000.000
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0000.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.029
GPT teacher head0.354
Teacher spread0.325 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it