Impacts of type of partial transparency on strawberry agrivoltaics: Uniform illumination thin film cadmium-telluride and non-uniform crystalline silicon solar photovoltaic modules
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This study compares strawberry agrivoltaics using two different types of solar photovoltaic (PV) modules: uniform illumination provided from semi-transparent thin-film cadmium telluride (Cd-Te) and non-uniform illumination from semitransparent crystalline silicon (c-Si) which include rows of solar cells and the remainder transparent solar-grade glass. Strawberry plants were grown outdoors in Ilderton, ON under CdTe modules with 40 % and 70 % transparency (red, blue, and green), and c-Si modules with 44 % and 69 % transparency. Plant metrics such as fresh weight, height, leaf count, and chlorophyll content were measured, alongside soil temperature and humidity. Statistical analysis examined interactions between plant growth parameters. Overall, non-uniform illumination from c-Si PV modules significantly increased fresh weight by 18 % compared to controls, while lowering soil temperatures and increasing humidity. Converting Canada's strawberry farmland to agrivoltaics could increase fruit revenue by CAD $27 million and generate over CAD $150 million in electricity value. Total revenues could more than double or triple, depending on the c-Si module density. Additionally, applying electricity savings to reduce fruit prices could lower strawberry costs from CAD $6.51/kg to CAD $4.82/kg, a reduction of over 25 %. Agrivoltaics offers the potential for energy self-sufficiency and substantial additional revenue for strawberry farmers, leading to reduced food prices.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".