Processing characteristics of Ni-WC MMC weld cladding by various types of GMAW
Bibliographic record
Abstract
GMAW (gas metal arc welding) with various transfer modes, including GMAW-G (GMAW with globular transfer), GMAW-S (GMAW with short-circuit transfer), GMAW-P (pulsed GMAW), and CMT (cold metal transfer), were engaged for depositing overlays of nickel-tungsten carbide composites. For CMT and GMAW-S, the current/voltage cycle and droplet transfer frequencies consistently aligned with each other, and weld droplets were transferred by short circuiting. For GMAW-P, droplet transfer frequency was lower than current/voltage cycle frequency, and altering wire feed speed or shielding gas composition induced a transition between pulsed-spray and short-circuit transfer. For GMAW-P and GMAW-G, shielding gas with 25% CO2 reduced the arc intensity and arc length, promoting arc relocation to the bottom of a weld droplet and short-circuit transfer, in contrast to shielding gas with 2% O2. Assessments of current/voltage probability density function curves and fast Fourier transform analysis can offer compelling insights regarding the characteristics of metal transfer and/or processing stability.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".