Effects of total knee arthroplasty on symptoms, function and activity over 5 years in knee osteoarthritis: A propensity‐score matched study
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Purpose To evaluate the effects of total knee arthroplasty (TKA) on symptoms, function and activity over 5 years in knee osteoarthritis (KOA) patients. Methods Data were from the Osteoarthritis Initiative (OAI). Participants who conducted the first TKA from (not before) enrolment to 48 months were propensity score matching (PSM) on their characteristics at the visit before surgery (treated as baseline) to those who did not conduct a TKA at 48 months (treated as baseline). Changes in knee pain and functional disability were evaluated using the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) pain and function subscales. Changes in physical activity, physical function and overall physical health and mental health were assessed using the Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly, the 20‐m walk speed and the five times chair‐to‐stand tests and the 12‐Item Short Form Survey, respectively. Results Eighty‐two pairs of participants in the TKA (56% women, mean 64.8 ± 8.4 years) and non‐TKA groups were matched. Knee symptoms were significantly improved in the TKA group and flatted from 24 months (Pain: β = −3.29, 95% confidence interval [CI] = [−4.59 to −1.99], p < 0.001; Function: β = −10.12, 95% CI = [−14.21 to −6.03], p < 0.001). Physical function and overall physical health but not physical activity or mental health (PASE: β = 5.72, 95% CI = [−15.46 to 26.90], p = 0.597; Mental: β = 0.04, 95% CI = [−2.47 to 2.54], p = 0.976) was improved in the TKA group over 24 months. Conclusions TKA substantially improved knee symptoms and physical function over 60 months and physical health over 48 months, compared to those who had a similar severity of KOA but did not have a TKA, but this did not translate into increased physical activity or mental health. Level of Evidence Level III.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.005 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".