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Record W4409099100 · doi:10.3138/chr-2023-0028

“One of the Cultural Minorities”? Indigenous Peoples and the Creation of Official Multiculturalism

2025· article· en· W4409099100 on OpenAlex

Why this work is in the frame

A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.

affAt least one author lists a Canadian institution in the pinned OpenAlex snapshot.
venuePublished in a venue whose home country is Canada.

Bibliographic record

VenueCanadian Historical Review · 2025
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldSocial Sciences
TopicMinority Rights and Languages
Canadian institutionsSt. Thomas University
Fundersnot available
KeywordsMulticulturalismIndigenousEthnic groupEthnologySociologyGender studiesPolitical scienceAnthropologyGenealogyHistoryLaw

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

Examining advocacy for multiculturalism in the late 1960s and early 1970s, this article challenges the idea that Indigenous peoples were not part of the discussions that led to the policy of multiculturalism. Instead, it demonstrates that their activism directly led to some inclusion in the early years of the Royal Commission on Bilingualism and Biculturalism and that ethnic minorities took some tentative steps towards building political alliances with them. However, the possibility of a less colonial, more inclusive “syncretic multiculturalism” was dashed by the White Paper’s assault on Indigenous identities, which diverted Indigenous leaders’ engagement with multicultural activists, and by the passive revolutionary outcome of a policy of “multiculturalism within a bilingual framework,” which originally excluded, but then was quickly extended to include, Indigenous peoples.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.000
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.001
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Not applicable · Consensus signal: none
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: none
Teacher disagreement score0.925
Threshold uncertainty score0.283

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0000.001
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.000
Science and technology studies0.0000.000
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0000.000
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0000.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.020
GPT teacher head0.279
Teacher spread0.259 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it