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Record W4409174463 · doi:10.1080/0144929x.2025.2485401

Sociable robots or focused speakers? Transforming customer experience with communication style and embodiment type in smart home devices adoption

2025· article· en· W4409174463 on OpenAlex

Why this work is in the frame

A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.

affAt least one author lists a Canadian institution in the pinned OpenAlex snapshot.

Bibliographic record

VenueBehaviour and Information Technology · 2025
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldComputer Science
TopicAI in Service Interactions
Canadian institutionsOntario College of Art and DesignUniversity of Toronto
FundersRenmin University of China
KeywordsRobotStyle (visual arts)Human–computer interactionPsychologyComputer scienceCommunicationBusinessVisual artsArtificial intelligenceArt

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

The rising demand for AI-powered smart home solutions has produced a recent surge in the adoption of smart home devices (SHDs). SHDs are uniquely situated within private, personal environments, and understanding the impact of device design on users’ parasocial relationship, privacy perceptions, and overall adoption is crucial; however, the literature lacks a satisfactory exploration of this essential facet of integrating intelligent devices into everyday living. This study addresses this deficit by analysing the nuanced interplay between device design features and user adoption intentions. An online experiment was conducted using a 2 (communication style: task-oriented vs. social-oriented) × 3 (embodiment type: application voice vs. virtual animation vs. physical robot) between-subjects design (N = 297). The findings indicate that SHDs employing a social-oriented communication style, while promoting stronger parasocial interactions, are simultaneously correlated with increased perceptions of privacy risk when compared to those utilising a task-oriented communication style. The more embodied the SHDs, the stronger the perceived parasocial interaction. Furthermore, higher perceived privacy risks negatively affect purchase intention. The findings provide novel insights into the design of SHDs that not only address privacy concerns but also create positive user experiences in IoT-based smart homes, thereby fostering long-term adoption.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.000
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Observational · Consensus signal: Observational
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.368
Threshold uncertainty score0.315

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.001
Science and technology studies0.0000.000
Scholarly communication0.0000.003
Open science0.0000.000
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0000.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.011
GPT teacher head0.266
Teacher spread0.255 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it