Urban disorder in democratic transitions: Ukraine’s municipal policing debates in comparative perspective
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The paper examines debates on police decentralisation in Ukraine since 2014, when Russia first attacked Ukraine and the country began a democratic transition, through February 2022, when the current full-scale invasion began. Although Ukraine’s constitution gives no policing authority to local governments, municipalities have created their own de facto local policing services, ‘municipal guards.’ In Ukraine, unlike nearly all other post-Soviet states, war and democratic transition have brought onto the political agenda debates about policing decentralisation for urban public order, incivilities, and property rights. Previous studies of post-authoritarian police reform have neglected such debates, focusing on criminal law and human rights. We argue that clarifying the role of local authorities in controlling public order is key to the success of police reform and should receive greater political and scholarly attention. Indeed, there is a strong case that ‘democratic policing’ in modern states requires some local control of public order.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.013 | 0.013 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.008 | 0.004 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.008 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".