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Record W4409204218 · doi:10.1016/j.cogdev.2025.101574

Confidence cues: Epistemic or social?

2025· article· en· W4409204218 on OpenAlex

Why this work is in the frame

A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.

affAt least one author lists a Canadian institution in the pinned OpenAlex snapshot.
fundA Canadian funder is recorded on the work.

Bibliographic record

VenueCognitive Development · 2025
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldPsychology
TopicChild and Animal Learning Development
Canadian institutionsUniversity of Ottawa
FundersSocial Sciences and Humanities Research Council of CanadaNatural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of CanadaGovernment of Ontario
KeywordsPsychologyCognitive psychologyEpistemologySocial psychologyPhilosophy

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

Previous research indicates a general preference to learn from confident individuals among both adults and children. However, the interpretation of confidence remains ambiguous. In two experiments, adults ( N = 192) and 7-to-10-year-olds ( N = 143) were presented with a short video featuring either a confident or a hesitant person. Participants were subsequently queried about social and knowledge-related traits associated with the person and with confidence as an attribute. In Experiment 1, adults watching a confident person attributed more knowledge and positive social traits to the person than adults watching a hesitant person. In Experiment 2, children attributed more knowledge, but not more positive social traits, to a confident rather than a hesitant person. These findings not only help us gain a better understanding of how people perceive confidence, but also hint to how this interpretation changes with age, findings which have important implications for our understanding of social cognitive development. • We presented adults and 7-to-10-year-olds with videos of a confident or a hesitant informant. • Adults attributed more knowledge and positive social traits to confidence. • Children attributed knowledge, but not more positive social traits, to confidence.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.000
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesInsufficient payload (model declined to judge)
Consensus categoriesInsufficient payload (model declined to judge)
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Observational · Consensus signal: none
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: none
Teacher disagreement score0.728
Threshold uncertainty score0.998

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.000
Science and technology studies0.0000.000
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0000.000
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0030.002

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.041
GPT teacher head0.362
Teacher spread0.321 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it