ESPPNet: An Efficient Progressive Spatial Pyramid Pooling Network for Real-Time Traffic Object Detection
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Traffic object detection based on computer vision (CV) can usually be deployed on the embedded computing platform of autonomous vehicles or unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), to provide critical information about traffic scenes for autonomous driving or traffic management. However, due to limited computing resources, there is a need for small, lightweight, and reliable object detectors. As an emerging technology, spatial pyramid pooling methods have great potential in improving the detection performance of real-time object detectors. Most of the existing works focus on the development of more complex spatial pyramid pooling methods for higher accuracy, but real-time performance is also important in the everchanging traffic scene. Thus, to balance the tradeoff between real-time detection and accuracy, we design a solution for real-time traffic object detection: a novel real-time object detector, named ESPPNet. Specifically, we propose an efficient plug-and-play spatial pyramid pooling method (ESPP). The method consists of a progressive spatial pyramid pool structure (PSPP) and a multi-scale feature enhancement module (MFEM). We first use PSPP to capture multi-scale feature maps with richer nonlinear features. Then, MFEM is used to establish effective long-range dependencies for multi-scale features. Experimental results on the VisDrone and SODA10M public datasets demonstrate that our method can achieve better real-time performance, less resource utilization, and higher accuracy, compared with other state-of-the-art methods.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it