A characterization of numerical ranges for antilinear operators
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Abstract
Abstract This article aims to study the problem of determining the numerical ranges of antilinear operators on complex Hilbert spaces. First, we provide a concrete description of the numerical range upper W left parenthesis upper R right parenthesis $W(R)$ <mml:math xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:mnf="http://cambridge.org/core/manifest" xmlns:cup="http://contentservices.cambridge.org" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:m="http://cambridge.org/core/metadata" xmlns:core="http://cambridge.org/core" xmlns:c="http://cambridge.org/core/content" display="inline"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>W</mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false" form="prefix" fence="true">(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>R</mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false" form="postfix" fence="true">)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> for every bounded antilinear operator R on a complex Hilbert space script upper H $\mathcal {H}$ <mml:math xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:mnf="http://cambridge.org/core/manifest" xmlns:cup="http://contentservices.cambridge.org" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:m="http://cambridge.org/core/metadata" xmlns:core="http://cambridge.org/core" xmlns:c="http://cambridge.org/core/content" display="inline"> <mml:mi mathvariant="script">H</mml:mi> </mml:math> , solving the preceding problem. Second, given a bounded linear operator T on script upper H $\mathcal {H}$ <mml:math xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:mnf="http://cambridge.org/core/manifest" xmlns:cup="http://contentservices.cambridge.org" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:m="http://cambridge.org/core/metadata" xmlns:core="http://cambridge.org/core" xmlns:c="http://cambridge.org/core/content" display="inline"> <mml:mi mathvariant="script">H</mml:mi> </mml:math> , we determine the possible value of the numerical radius w left parenthesis upper C upper T right parenthesis $w(CT)$ <mml:math xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:mnf="http://cambridge.org/core/manifest" xmlns:cup="http://contentservices.cambridge.org" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:m="http://cambridge.org/core/metadata" xmlns:core="http://cambridge.org/core" xmlns:c="http://cambridge.org/core/content" display="inline"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>w</mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false" form="prefix" fence="true">(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>C</mml:mi> <mml:mi>T</mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false" form="postfix" fence="true">)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> of upper C upper T $CT$ <mml:math xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:mnf="http://cambridge.org/core/manifest" xmlns:cup="http://contentservices.cambridge.org" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:m="http://cambridge.org/core/metadata" xmlns:core="http://cambridge.org/core" xmlns:c="http://cambridge.org/core/content" display="inline"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>C</mml:mi> <mml:mi>T</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> when C ranges over the collection of all conjugations on script upper H $\mathcal {H}$ <mml:math xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:mnf="http://cambridge.org/core/manifest" xmlns:cup="http://contentservices.cambridge.org" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:m="http://cambridge.org/core/metadata" xmlns:core="http://cambridge.org/core" xmlns:c="http://cambridge.org/core/content" display="inline"> <mml:mi mathvariant="script">H</mml:mi> </mml:math> .
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| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
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