Greasing the Wheels of Urbanism: Innovating Early Bronze Age Olive Oil Production in the Northern Jordan Valley
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Initial phases of urbanization are messy, with innovations leading to successes and failures. How people changed their resource production strategies to meet developing needs during urbanizing periods is a foundational aspect of understanding the emergence of early cities. This article focuses on Site WZ130, a late 4th millennium b.c. olive-processing site in northern Jordan that was active during the Early Bronze Age (EBA, 3800–2000 b.c.), when the first urban societies emerged in the southern Levant. Site WZ130 provides a tangible example of the infrastructural innovations that were necessary to support early urbanism. The site’s three phases demonstrate successive innovation in olive-pressing technology, from layering pulp in a pit, a technique used since the Neolithic, to beam pressing, which survived into the 20th century a.d. These changes in olive-processing methods demonstrate that people responded to socio-economic and political changes brought on by early urbanization through innovation and experimentation in olive oil production.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.004 | 0.006 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".