High‐resolution compound‐specific δ<sup>15</sup>N isotope dietary study of humans from the Scottish Mesolithic and Neolithic
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Numerous isotopic studies of Scottish Mesolithic and Neolithic diets suggest a shift from marine‐based to terrestrial‐based subsistence strategies. However, bulk collagen isotope analysis may overlook low‐level marine food consumption. This study combines bulk collagen stable isotope data from four Neolithic sites (Quanterness, Rattar East, Ness of Brodgar, and Knap of Howar) with nitrogen compound‐specific isotope analysis (CSIA‐AA) from one Late Mesolithic and five Neolithic sites. CSIA‐AA, applied here for the first time to Scottish material, reveals limited but detectable aquatic resource use by some Neolithic individuals in Orkney. These findings highlight the complexities in identifying marine contributions to diet and underscore the value of CSIA‐AA in distinguishing direct marine consumption from other sources of elevated nitrogen isotope values, such as seaweed or animals with marine‐influenced diets.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".