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Record W4409821449 · doi:10.1111/area.70019

Research methods for legal geography

2025· article· en· W4409821449 on OpenAlex

Why this work is in the frame

A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.

fundA Canadian funder is recorded on the work.
no affNo Canadian affiliation: this work is invisible to an affiliation-only frame.
No Canadian affiliation. An affiliation-only frame, the usual design, would never have seen this work. It is one of the works that make the case for inverting the frame.

Bibliographic record

VenueArea · 2025
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldSocial Sciences
TopicLaw in Society and Culture
Canadian institutionsnot available
FundersSimon Fraser University
KeywordsGeographyHuman geographyRegional scienceEconomic geography

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

Abstract This paper provides an overview of the research techniques that can be used for explorations in legal geography, highlighting the multiple instruments available in the legal geographer's methodological toolkit. These diverse methods stem from a twofold shift away from the ‘ordinary’ research techniques of human geography. This shift has entailed first, the adaptation of traditional qualitative methods, such as ethnography or interviews, to research on subjects like judges, politicians, and other elite members; and second, the appropriation of methods prevailing in the field of law, such as doctrinal analysis. Against this background, the paper shows which research methods can be used to investigate the different subdomains of the law‐space tangle (i.e., law‐in‐books, law‐as‐a‐system‐of‐practices, and experiencing‐the‐law). Among these methods, special attention is paid to doctrinal analysis, which is usually distant from the typical training of geographers: its characteristics and the caution required in its use are emphasised, as are the tools that can make it more systematic and the specific contribution that a geographical approach can make to it. The paper also discusses the possibility of using quantitative techniques, which are currently approached with a certain scepticism, to carry out legal geographical analyses.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.002
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Not applicable · Consensus signal: none
GenreCandidate signal: Other · Consensus signal: none
Teacher disagreement score0.741
Threshold uncertainty score0.805

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0020.000
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.001
Science and technology studies0.0010.000
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0000.000
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0000.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.101
GPT teacher head0.529
Teacher spread0.428 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it