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Record W4409827200 · doi:10.1080/21670811.2025.2495693

“There’s a Rule Book in my Head”: Journalism Ethics Meet A.I. in the Newsroom

2025· article· en· W4409827200 on OpenAlexaffabout
Angela Misri, Nicole Blanchett, April Lindgren

Bibliographic record

VenueDigital Journalism · 2025
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldSocial Sciences
TopicMedia Studies and Communication
Canadian institutionsToronto Metropolitan University
Fundersnot available
KeywordsJournalismHead (geology)Media studiesPolitical scienceSociologyComputer science

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

The burgeoning use of artificial intelligence (A.I.) to create journalistic products is challenging the ethical standards in Canadian newsrooms and calling into question the efficacy of existing norms and practice worldwide. Ethical literacy related to the use of A.I. remains low in the industry at large, and with no standardized ethical practice, there is little understanding of how journalistic doxa might need to expand to keep up with technology. Ensuring ethical practice is becoming more critical in a polarized political climate where mis- and disinformation abound, audiences demand transparency, and the very boundaries and definitions of journalism are contested by both journalists and their audiences. Utilizing field theory, through interviews with journalists and analysis of published codes of ethics and existing literature, this article examines how Canadian newsrooms are using A.I., and whether ethical frameworks are adequately evolving alongside technology.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

How this classification was reachedexpand

Full frame machine prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.015
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.048
Version: metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061cValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Qualitative · Consensus signal: Qualitative
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: none
Teacher disagreement score0.678
Threshold uncertainty score0.647

Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0150.048
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0020.003
Science and technology studies0.0400.052
Scholarly communication0.0240.007
Open science0.0010.004
Research integrity0.0060.008
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0040.001

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.055
GPT teacher head0.373
Teacher spread0.318 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it

Classification

machine, unvalidated

Machine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.

The models applied no category: nothing in the taxonomy fit this work.
Study designQualitative
Domainnot available
GenreEmpirical

How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".

Quick stats

Citations6
Published2025
Admission routes2
Has abstractyes

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