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Record W4409919588 · doi:10.1016/j.mlwa.2025.100659

Going vegan with ChatGPT: Towards designing LLMs for personalized lifestyle changes

2025· article· en· W4409919588 on OpenAlexafffund
Munachiso Okenyi, Grace Ataguba, Sussan Anukem, Rita Orji

Bibliographic record

VenueMachine Learning with Applications · 2025
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldHealth Professions
TopicMobile Health and mHealth Applications
Canadian institutionsDalhousie University
FundersNatural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of CanadaCanada Research Chairs
KeywordsVegan DietMedicineInternal medicine

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

Large language models (LLMs), one of the recent technological revolutions, have become applicable to all areas of human endeavor, including health. In the area of health, LLMs have contributed to disease management, diagnosis, stress management, and other major lifestyle-related changes. However, little is yet known about their impact in the area of nutrition and lifestyle-related changes associated with diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, obesity, and others. In this paper, we present two case studies of ChatGPT as an LLM intervention for making lifestyle-related decisions, such as transitioning to a vegan lifestyle: 1. normal weight (healthy) and 2. obesity. Additionally, we considered three (3) dietary restrictions that could affect people in both case studies to transition to a vegan lifestyle. These include 1) allergies to nuts; 2) allergies to gluten; and 3) no allergies. We used ChatGPT to generate a one-week (seven-day) meal plan based on these dietary restrictions. We analyzed all responses from ChatGPT and found that ChatGPT provides a rich combination of vegan diets and is sensitive to these food allergies to some extent. Additionally, we found some challenges that relate to how an appropriate prompt can be employed to optimize ChatGPT’s recommendations and precisions relating to the total calories of foods recommended by ChatGPT. Furthermore, we provide recommendations to overcome these challenges in future work, including supporting user's domain-specific literacy and precision sensitivity for metrics that have an overall impact on human health.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

How this classification was reachedexpand

Full frame machine prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.004
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.020
Version: metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061cValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Simulation or modeling · Consensus signal: none
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: none
Teacher disagreement score0.009
Threshold uncertainty score0.029

Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0040.020
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0010.001
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0010.001
Bibliometrics0.0010.000
Science and technology studies0.0000.001
Scholarly communication0.0020.003
Open science0.0020.002
Research integrity0.0010.002
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0090.003

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.025
GPT teacher head0.386
Teacher spread0.361 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it

Classification

machine, unvalidated

Machine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.

The models applied no category: nothing in the taxonomy fit this work.
Study designSimulation or modeling
Domainnot available
GenreEmpirical

How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".

Quick stats

Citations1
Published2025
Admission routes2
Has abstractyes

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