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Record W4410192119 · doi:10.5465/amp.2024.0164

Does Trust Matter? Uncovering the Conditions by Which Boards Trust Managers in Nonprofits

2025· article· en· W4410192119 on OpenAlex

Why this work is in the frame

A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.

affAt least one author lists a Canadian institution in the pinned OpenAlex snapshot.

Bibliographic record

VenueAcademy of Management Perspectives · 2025
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldSocial Sciences
TopicNonprofit Sector and Volunteering
Canadian institutionsUniversity of Saskatchewan
Fundersnot available
KeywordsBusinessPublic relationsMarketingIndustrial organizationPolitical science

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

Do nonprofit boards need to trust their managers in the absence of performance data about the intangible social goals promised in their mission? We found that nonprofit boards impose conditions not directly related to organizational performance to assess if they can trust their managers. These conditions focus on both managers’ actions and board actions. For example, boards trust their managers more when managers exhibit the types of skills, experience, and networks the boards believe are needed to effectively run the nonprofits, and when managers provide the type and quality of information desired by board members. Boards also trust their managers when they believe they have effectively recruited managers with the desired abilities, and have an aspirational belief that they can effectively assess manager performance despite gaps in data. However, trust in their managers has less influence on board behavior when nonprofit boards assess how well their organizations have achieved their intangible social goals, as these assessments do not appear to be influenced by the trust relationship. Our study contributes to practice by encouraging open dialogue between boards and managers to address how boards can trust their managers despite an inability to rigorously monitor performance.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.001
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Observational · Consensus signal: none
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.577
Threshold uncertainty score0.488

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0010.000
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.001
Science and technology studies0.0000.000
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0010.000
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0000.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.009
GPT teacher head0.312
Teacher spread0.303 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it