New onset left atrial dilatation in the general population: A quarter-century follow-up
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Information on the incidence of left atrial enlargement (LAE) and the factors underlying progressive LA remodelling in long-term longitudinal population-based studies is scanty. We investigated the incidence of new onset LAE and its determinants among middle aged adults over a 25-year time period. METHODS: A total of 423 participants with measurable echocardiographic parameters at baseline (mean age 41+10 years, 52 % men) and after a 25-year follow-up were included in the analysis. LA diameter (LAD) was measured with 2D-guided M-mode technique. LAE was detected according to sex-specific non-indexed criteria and a sex-independent indexed to body surface area (BSA) criterion recommended by contemporary echocardiographic guidelines. RESULTS: New LAE occurred in 27.4 % (absolute LA diameter, LAD) and 16.5 % (LAD/BSA), respectively. Initial LAD and body mass index (BMI), as well as the 25-year change in BMI and left ventricular mass index (LVMI) were independently correlated to incident non-indexed LAE. Besides age, the independent modifiable predictors of new-onset LAE/BSA were initial LAD/BSA, the 25-year change in BMI and 24-h pulse pressure (PP). CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of LAE from mid to late adulthood occurs in a large clinically relevant fraction of participants and is affected by initial LAD, BMI and 25-year change in BMI, LVMI and 24-h PP. The findings provided by the present study support the view that avoid obesity and maintain normal levels of BMI, blood pressure and LVMI during life can contribute to strengthen cardiovascular prevention in the general population through prevention of LA remodelling and its harmful consequences.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it