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Record W4410510149 · doi:10.5539/apr.v17n1p211

Optimizing Salt Production by Estimating Brine’s Daily Height From Seawater Evaporation at Djègbadji (Benin Republic)

2025· article· en· W4410510149 on OpenAlex

Why this work is in the frame

A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.

venuePublished in a venue whose home country is Canada.
no affNo Canadian affiliation: this work is invisible to an affiliation-only frame.
No Canadian affiliation. An affiliation-only frame, the usual design, would never have seen this work. It is one of the works that make the case for inverting the frame.

Bibliographic record

VenueApplied Physics Research · 2025
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldEnergy
TopicSolar-Powered Water Purification Methods
Canadian institutionsnot available
FundersBundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung
KeywordsBrineSeawaterEnvironmental scienceEvaporationOceanographyGeologyGeographyMeteorologyPhysicsThermodynamics

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

Historically, salt production at Djègbadji (Benin Republic) started five to six centuries ago, traditionally relying on labor-intensive methods, consisting on leaching salty soils to obtain brine, a core component in the process. However, salt production could be streamlined by evaporating seawater in basin nearby the Atlantic Ocean. This work aims to estimate the height of seawater with a density of 1.025 (or initial brine with a density ranging from 0.4 to 1) required to obtain, after evaporation, a final brine with a density of 1.2, and to evaluate the resulting quantity of salt. During the favorable period (November to March), it would suffice to fill a basin with saltwater to a height varying between 0.61 and 35.38 mm to obtain after evaporation, by the end of the day, a brine density (of 1.2 ) which height varies between 0.521 and 30.22 mm. Solar salt production would then require an additional six days for complete water evaporation, allowing for every six days the production of between 5.26 and 305.83 kg of salt for an area of 50 m², and between 10.52 and 611.65 kg for an area of 100 m². Thus, with an area of 1 hectare (10000 m²), it would be possible to achieve a maximum annual production of 1529.125 tons, more than 1.5 times the current annual salt production in Benin. This production could be optimized by increasing the basin's surface area and applying a material with a high calorific absorption coefficient to the basin's bottom.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.002
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesMeta-epidemiology (narrow)
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Bench or experimental · Consensus signal: Bench or experimental
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.191
Threshold uncertainty score1.000

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0020.000
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.001
Science and technology studies0.0010.000
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0010.000
Research integrity0.0000.001
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0000.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.069
GPT teacher head0.373
Teacher spread0.304 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it