Contextual factors related to aging determine force-based manipulation dosage: a prospective cross-sectional study
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Biomechanics study of how clinicians modulate spinal manipulation force; the object is clinical delivery, not research practice.
The study examines chiropractic manipulation dosage and aging factors, not research practice.
Clinical study of chiropractic force dosage by patient age, not research methods or evaluation.
Abstract
Abstract Background Contextual factors influence clinicians’ delivery of force-based manipulation (FBM), like spinal manipulative therapy (SMT). It is particularly important to discern how contextual factors interact with therapeutic forces delivered to an older adult population, to minimize risk and identify ideal dosage. This study aimed to determine whether contextual factors pertaining to aging result in the modulation of kinetic and kinematic parameters used by experienced clinicians when delivering SMT. Methods Participants were randomly presented with a series of 12 AI-generated patient vignettes, featuring both visual and auditory content and representing varying age-related contextual factors. Factors included chronological (35-, 65- and 85-year-old), pathological (“healthy” vs degenerative spine), and felt (perceived as “young” vs. “old”) age. Participants delivered SMT to a human analogue manikin based on each vignette, presented six times in randomized order. Kinetic and kinematic parameters were collected and analyzed for differences between “young” and “old” contextual factors of age, using a 3-way repeated measures ANOVA model. Results Sixteen licensed chiropractors (8 female, 8 male) participated, with an average age of 45.4 (SD = 9.7, range 34–64) years and 18.3 (SD = 10.8, range 5–39) years of experience. A main effect in peak force was found for both chronological (F( 2,30 ) = 26.18; p <.001, η p 2 = 0.636) and pathological age (F( 1,15 ) = 11.58; p =.004, η p 2 = 0.436), following a stepwise progression of decreased force with increased age and with pathology. No statistically significant differences were found in peak force based on felt age, or in time to peak force for any factor. A main effect was found for chronological age with peak acceleration (F( 2,20 ) = 9.50; p <.001, η p 2 = 0.487) and peak velocity (F( 2,20 ) = 7.20; p =.004, η p 2 = 0.419), but not for pathological or felt age. There was a significant difference in time to peak velocity for felt age (F( 1,10 ) = 12.23; p =.006, η p 2 = 0.550), with a shorter time to peak velocity in response to vignettes with older felt age. Conclusion Contextual factors of aging modulated certain kinetic and kinematic characteristics when delivering SMT. This provides evidence that practitioners differentially discern aspects of aging to inform how they deliver FBM dosage. Future research is needed to identify ideal kinetic and kinematic characteristics based on considerations of aging.
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The record
- Venue
- Chiropractic & Manual Therapies
- Topic
- Musculoskeletal pain and rehabilitation
- Field
- Medicine
- Canadian institutions
- University of ManitobaUniversity of British Columbia, Okanagan Campus
- Funders
- —
- Keywords
- MedicinePopulationVignettePathologicalPhysical therapyAnalysis of variancePhysical medicine and rehabilitationInternal medicinePsychology
- Has abstract in OpenAlex
- yes