Thermal comfort in lower economic groups: The applicability of the ASHRAE-55 adaptive standards in informal settlements and refugee camps
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Thermal comfort is influenced by climate, expectations and adaptation opportunities. Hence the emergence of adaptive thermal comfort standards. Unfortunately, international adaptive standards and much of the underlying literature, are based on data collected from middle-income individuals in office or apartment blocks, raising the question of their validity in other contexts. This paper is the first large-scale investigation of the applicability of these standards to populations living in refugee/displacement camps, to establish whether comfort theory needs to be modified for such populations. This was achieved through highly difficult, data collection in camps in Jordan, Djibouti, Ethiopia and Peru. The data collected consists of 1982 rows of personal variables and concurrent environmental measurements. From these, the thermal comfort boundaries of the displaced were found to be wider (13K) than suggested in prevalent standards (8K). A new mathematical model of thermal comfort for such groups is hence developed. The results expand our understanding of comfort theory to include an understudied population and will be useful for those responsible for shelter for the currently 120M displaced, as they now allow rational design standards to be set. A tool based on the new model is currently being applied by aid agencies in camps in Afghanistan. Practical Application The design of refugee accommodation across aid agencies requires the setting of design standards, as these impact material choice, construction techniques and cost, and hence the number of people that can be housed in any disaster. Highly constraining standards can thus reduce the population that can be housed, with associated implications for mortality rates. The alternative being the failure to set any quantitative target, creating a danger to life. The new thermal comfort model presented here allows for the first time the setting of targeted comfort design standards in camps.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it