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Record W4410619847 · doi:10.24312/ucp-jlle.03.01.307

Examining the Intersection of General Artificial Intelligence and Legal Decision-Making

2025· article· en· W4410619847 on OpenAlex

Why this work is in the frame

A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.

aboutThe title or abstract carries a Canadian signal from the geographic lexicon.
no affNo Canadian affiliation: this work is invisible to an affiliation-only frame.
No Canadian affiliation. An affiliation-only frame, the usual design, would never have seen this work. It is one of the works that make the case for inverting the frame.

Bibliographic record

VenueUCP Journal of Law & Legal Education · 2025
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldEconomics, Econometrics and Finance
TopicDigital Transformation in Law
Canadian institutionsnot available
Fundersnot available
KeywordsIntersection (aeronautics)Artificial intelligenceComputer scienceManagement scienceEngineeringTransport engineering

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

This research paper examines the increasing need for and importance of artificial intelligence (AI) in the legal profession. Along with highlighting its significance, it discusses the benefits and drawbacks of AI in the legal profession. Furthermore, it also analyses the capability of AI to replace human judges in future. Additionally, it investigates the possible problems and impacts on society by integrating AI into the legal profession, such as people's lack of confidence in AI-generated decisions, parties' privacy, unemployment, and transparency. Moreover, it explores how AI can serve as an assistive device rather than a complete replacement for human involvement. It examines countries like China, the USA, and Canada, where AI machines are already being used in their legal proceeding for research, decision-making, and even in some countries, as a substitute for human judges. Furthermore, it investigates the social, ethical and economic effects, and their sufficient solutions, by integrating AI into the judicial system, especially in Pakistan. The effectiveness of AI is compared to human judgments to assess its potential role. Lastly, it provides recommendations for the better implementation of AI tools in Pakistan’s judicial system, suggesting strategic actions to facilitate the integration of AI tools in the legal field.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.001
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Theoretical or conceptual · Consensus signal: Theoretical or conceptual
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.300
Threshold uncertainty score0.260

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0010.000
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.000
Science and technology studies0.0000.000
Scholarly communication0.0000.001
Open science0.0000.000
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0000.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.044
GPT teacher head0.297
Teacher spread0.252 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it