The queer immigrant effect: Labour market integration of LGB immigrants in Canada
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Few have considered whether an immigrant’s sexuality contributes to unique labour market integration and employment outcomes. Using a Canadian immigrant register, consisting of all recently arriving immigrants, and linked income tax records, we break new ground by exploring how biannual arrival cohorts (2000–2010) of lesbian, gay, and bisexual (queer) immigrants fare economically three, five and ten years after arrival. Queer immigrants, who we identify through at least one same-sex tax filing in the first 10 years since arrival, are predominantly arriving from the USA, Europe, and South and Central America as primary economic and family class applicants. They are more highly educated and skilled, less likely to be non-employed, less likely to receive government assistance, and out-earn their heterosexual counterparts over the first 10 years in Canada. Fixed effects modelling reveals a steeper wage growth for queer immigrant men, relative to straight men, between 5 and 10 years since arrival. We also observe the steepest wage growth for straight immigrant women, who enter the labour market with much lower earnings. We posit that queer immigrants leverage social and economic capital from both ethnic and lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender communities, aiding in their socio-economic integration in Canada. Our study also highlights important theoretical and empirical considerations concerning the operationalization of sexuality in administrative tax records.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it