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Record W4410778353 · doi:10.1111/test.12405

Enhancing statistics education through Project‐Based Learning ( <scp>PBL</scp> ) and the emergence of <scp>ChatGPT</scp>

2025· article· en· W4410778353 on OpenAlexafffund
Luai Al‐Labadi, Anna Ly

Bibliographic record

VenueTeaching Statistics · 2025
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldMathematics
TopicStatistics Education and Methodologies
Canadian institutionsUniversity of Toronto
FundersUniversity of TorontoUniversity of Toronto MississaugaTallWood Design Institute
KeywordsMathematics educationStatisticsComputer sciencePsychologyMathematics

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

Abstract In the 1990s, educators advocated for projects in statistical courses to enrich student learning. Prior research showcases the positive impact of Project‐Based Learning (PBL), where students complete course‐driven projects. In agreement with this perspective, we implemented PBL methodologies within two statistical courses at a North American research‐intensive university: “Survey, Sampling, &amp; Design” and “Experimental Design.” Students were invited to participate in an optional survey to share their opinions regarding the course project. Consistent with existing literature, our findings indicate that students hold favorable views towards course‐based projects, noticing benefits such as understanding real‐life applications, collaboration, and enhancing data analysis skills. Additionally, many students have incorporated the use of generative AI for their works, such as ChatGPT, and shared the advantages of such tools in their coursework. Drawing from our experiences, we propose strategies to enhance course projects and address concerns related to the overreliance of generative AI tools.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

How this classification was reachedexpand

Full frame machine prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.012
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.047
Version: metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061cValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Not applicable · Consensus signal: none
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.012
Threshold uncertainty score0.066

Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0120.047
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0010.001
Science and technology studies0.0010.002
Scholarly communication0.0030.003
Open science0.0020.004
Research integrity0.0010.001
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0060.002

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.069
GPT teacher head0.417
Teacher spread0.348 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it

Classification

machine, unvalidated

Machine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.

The models applied no category: nothing in the taxonomy fit this work.
Study designNot applicable
Domainnot available
GenreEmpirical

How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".

Quick stats

Citations12
Published2025
Admission routes2
Has abstractyes

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