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Record W4411013361 · doi:10.1101/2025.06.03.25328940

Lexical meaning is lower-dimensional in psychosis: the intrinsic geometry of the semantic space

2025· preprint· en· W4411013361 on OpenAlex

Why this work is in the frame

A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.

affAt least one author lists a Canadian institution in the pinned OpenAlex snapshot.

Bibliographic record

VenuemedRxiv · 2025
Typepreprint
Languageen
FieldComputer Science
TopicArtificial Intelligence in Education
Canadian institutionsDouglas Mental Health University Institute
Fundersnot available
KeywordsMeaning (existential)Space (punctuation)Semantic spaceLinguisticsGeometryPsychosisPsychologyMathematicsComputer scienceArtificial intelligencePhilosophyEpistemology

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

Abstract Diverse language models (LMs), including large language models (LLMs) based on deep neural networks have come to provide an unprecedented opportunity for mapping out the semantic spaces navigated in speech and their distortions in mental disorders. Recent evidence has pointed to higher mean semantic similarities between words in psychosis, conceptualized as a ‘shrunk’ (more compressed) semantic space. We hypothesized that the high dimensionality of the vector spaces defined by the embeddings of speech samples through LMs would also be easier to reduce in psychosis. To test this, we used principal component analysis (PCA) to calculate different metrics serving as proxies for reducibility, including the number of components needed to reach 90% of variance, and the cumulative variance explained by the first two components. For further exploration, intrinsic dimensionality (ID) was also estimated. Results confirmed significantly higher reducibility of the semantic space in psychosis across all measures and three languages. This result points to the existence of an underlying intrinsic geometry of semantic associations during speech, which may underlie more surface-level measurements such as semantic similarity and illustrates a new foundational approach to speech in mental disorders.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.001
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Observational · Consensus signal: none
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.179
Threshold uncertainty score0.536

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0010.000
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.001
Science and technology studies0.0000.000
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0030.002
Research integrity0.0000.001
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0000.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.036
GPT teacher head0.317
Teacher spread0.281 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it