Effect of bismuth substitution on structural, electrical and dielectric properties of barium zinc niobates
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Herein, we report the effects of bismuth substitution on the structural, electrical, and dielectric properties of BaZn 0.33 Nb 0.67- x Bi x O 3-δ (BZNBi, x = 0, 0.017, 0.03, 0.05). BZNBi perovskite oxides crystallized in a cubic Pm 3̅ m symmetry, however, a minor secondary phase was found in x = 0.03, and 0.05 samples. An expansion of the unit cell was observed with increasing bismuth concentration, indicating a linear correlation between the lattice constant and composition. The surface microstructure of the BZNBi pellets revealed that bismuth substitution enhanced densification, except in samples with significant impurity content. The introduction of bismuth increased the electrical conductivity from 2.3 × 10 − 8 S cm − 1 in BZN to 3.1 × 10 − 2 S cm − 1 in BZNBi 0.05 at 600 °C in air. At 1 MHz and 600 °C, the dielectric constant also increased from 28 in BZN to 47 in BZNBi 0.017, indicating the potential of bismuth doping in improving the electrical and dielectric properties of BZN.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
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Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
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