Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
ABSTRACT Due to shifting understandings of race and identity, the number of people who see one's race as rooted fully or partly in self‐identification, rather than solely in ancestry or social appraisals, may be on the rise. This study uses a survey of over 1100 Americans to map the prevalence and distribution of “racial voluntarism”—that is, the view that a person's race is up to that person. I find that support for racial voluntarism is modest, but not trivial: about a quarter of Americans support it, and another quarter are neutral. People who see their race as hard for others to assess, those who report uncertainty about their own multiraciality, and dark‐skinned individuals are more likely than others to think of race as “up to each person.” I also find some interactions between respondents' race, multiraciality, and skin tone. Findings are mostly consistent with racial contestation perspectives that highlight the threats that contestation poses to identity and status. I consider the implications of these patterns.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it