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Record W4411536522 · doi:10.1016/j.trip.2025.101504

Accessibility of third-party transit apps and the role of transit agencies and their open data

2025· article· en· W4411536522 on OpenAlex

Why this work is in the frame

A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.

affAt least one author lists a Canadian institution in the pinned OpenAlex snapshot.
fundA Canadian funder is recorded on the work.

Bibliographic record

VenueTransportation Research Interdisciplinary Perspectives · 2025
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldEngineering
TopicTransportation and Mobility Innovations
Canadian institutionsYork University
FundersYork UniversityCarnegie Mellon University
KeywordsTransit (satellite)BusinessThird partyTransport engineeringComputer scienceInternet privacyComputer securityPublic transportEngineering

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

Transit agencies like other municipal and other governments and agencies are increasingly adopting open data agendas, often in the form of policy initiatives. Transit agencies are also subject to legislatively mandated accessibility requirements for their service offerings, for instance in the United States, the Americans with Disabilities Act or Section 508 of the Rehabilitation Act. What happens at the convergence of transit agencies’ open data initiatives and regulatory requirements? In this paper, we examine this question through the lens of transit open data used to develop smartphone apps that are used to navigate the transit agencies’ services. Using a qualitative approach, we investigate the extent of open data usage by third parties, the nature of the relationships between transit agencies and open data users, and, particularly, the extent to which the requirements of disability accessibility compliance are made of open data users by the transit agencies. We find that, despite their inferred relevance, there was no required compliance of accessibility regulations in the open-data products, third-party transit apps, except by one transit agency, highlighting discord at the convergence of open data initiatives and regulatory requirements. The purpose of the study is to create knowledge around the convergence to inform policy making and opportunities for change as transit operators continue to make open data available.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.001
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Qualitative · Consensus signal: none
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.570
Threshold uncertainty score0.478

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0010.000
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.001
Science and technology studies0.0000.001
Scholarly communication0.0000.001
Open science0.0010.000
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0000.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.057
GPT teacher head0.391
Teacher spread0.334 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it