Dexamethasone/β-cyclodextrin inclusion complex hydrogel for vital pulp therapy
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Targeting inflammation and mineralization responses in a controlled manner for vital pulp therapies is a challenging task. Here, we prepared dexamethasone-β-cyclodextrin (DEX/ICD) inclusion complex-loaded hydrogels for pulp-dentin complex regeneration. The formation of the DEX/ICD inclusion complex was verified using Fourier-transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Pristine dexamethasone (DEX) and DEX/ICD were added to methacrylated gelatin (GelMA) hydrogels at a concentration of 1%. Pristine GelMA serves as the control. Drug-loaded hydrogels were evaluated for mechanical properties (n = 10/group), swelling and enzymatic degradation (n = 5/group), and drug release (n = 3/group). Cell proliferation, cell morphology, and mineralization assays were conducted using SHEDs. Cell proliferation was assessed on days 1, 3, and 7 using the MTS assay (n = 6/group). Cell morphology was analyzed via fluorescence microscopy using phalloidin and DAPI. A mineralization assay was performed using Alizarin Red at 14 and 21 days (n = 4/group). One-way ANOVA and Tukey's (α = 0.05) post-hoc tests were applied for statistical analysis. FTIR and XRD data confirmed the formation of the DEX/ICD complex. No statistical differences were found in mechanical properties, swelling, and degradation after incorporating DEX or DEX/ICD. DEX/ICD-loaded hydrogels consistently released dexamethasone, peaking at day 14, and maintained stability until day 21. DEX-loaded GelMA release decreased after day 7. DEX/ICD-loaded GelMA exhibited higher cell proliferation than DEX-loaded GelMA on day 7 (p < 0.05), with no statistical differences observed for days 1 and 3 (p > 0.05). The hydrogels did not compromise cell morphology. DEX/ICD-loaded GelMA significantly enhanced mineralization potential (p < 0.05). The β-CD inclusion complex optimized dexamethasone delivery, and DEX/ICD-containing GelMA enhances the proliferation and mineralization capacity of dental stem cells. DEX/ICD-loaded GelMA is a promising injectable material for halting inflammation and could potentially induce mineralized tissue formation in pulp capping strategies.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".